INNOVATIVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES IN VASCULAR SURGERY:ROLE AND ADVANTAGES OF CO2 ANGIOGRAPHY IN CONDITIONSOF INCREASED NEPHROLOGICAL RISK

Abstract

CO₂ angiography has emerged as a significant innovation in vascular surgery, offering a safe, inexpensive alternative to traditional iodinated contrast agents used for both diagnostic and intraoperative visualization of the circulatory system. It is particularly useful in patients with contrast agent allergies, impaired renal function, or those requiring multiple imaging studies. This article reviews the technological advances, clinical applications, and evolving role of CO₂ angiography in modern vascular surgery. We will review its use in a range of procedures, including endovascular interventions, treatment of peripheral arterial disease, treatment of aneurysms, and venous access procedures, highlighting its advantages in terms of safety, real-time imaging, and minimal patient impact. In addition, the article discusses the limitations of CO₂ angiography, the risk of the physiological effects of CO₂ on hemodynamics, and possible complications. By analyzing recent studies and clinical results, the article demonstrates that CO₂ angiography can offer diagnostic accuracy comparable to conventional contrast angiography in many cases, with additional advantages.